The Scientific Mechanism behind the phenomena of erections:

Inadequate blood flow:
The activation of the nervous system or stimulation in the brain that causes an erection occurs due to some external factors like sound, smell, vision, dreams, thoughts etc. When this stimulation occurs the blood flow to the penis increases and the vascular muscle in the spongy area of corpora cavernosa fills up with blood and outflow of blood is cut off to maintain an erection.

However, when there is insufficient blood supply to the penile area, the erection does not occur. There are networks of nerve cells known as alpha- 2 adrenergic which limit the amount of blood entering the penis, otherwise men will experience erection throughout the day. During an erection, the action of alpha-2 adrenergic is stopped, thus the blood flows into the penis. Men suffer from erectile dysfunction if there is insufficient blood flow to the penis. Even after a signal from the brain if there is not much blood flow to the penis, then the erection subsides or there may be a weak erection or no erection at all.

Nitric Oxide Deficiency:
Nitric oxide plays an important role of pressurizing the blood to sustain an erection. When the brain gets aroused, it sends a signal to the penis. Nerve cells in the corpora cavernosa region of the penis, start producing nitric oxide, which leads to the creation of cGMP. cGMP causes arteries in the corpora cavernosa to dilate, leading to lots of blood to flow into the penis. The extra blood flowing in causes the penis to inflate like a balloon. This results in an erection.

When men suffer from erectile dysfunction the nerves in the penis produce nitric oxide but the amount of cGMP created is very less so it becomes difficult for the arteries to dilate and allow the blood.

Irregular neurological function:
There can be several reasons for erectile dysfunction but the main factor which helps in gaining and maintaining an erection is the body’s nervous system. The decrease in neural and autonomic functioning leads to erectile dysfunction.

There are neurotransmitters in the brain which set a series of responses in the brain that make an erection possible. A disturbance in their functioning can disrupt the whole erection mechanism.

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